The UK ETA (Electronic Travel Authorisation) is a mandatory digital travel permission for visitors from Europe, the USA, Australia, Canada and dozens of other eligible countries — costing £20 per person (since 8 April 2026).
Most applicants receive an automatic decision within minutes via the official UK ETA app. Without a valid UK ETA, you cannot board any transport to the United Kingdom.
What Is the UK ETA?
The UK ETA (Electronic Travel Authorisation) is a mandatory digital permission to travel to the United Kingdom. It is not a visa and it is not a tax — it is a pre-travel authorisation that links digitally to your passport and allows carriers (airlines, rail, maritime) to verify your eligibility to travel before you board.
The UK ETA was launched in October 2023 and became fully enforced from 25 February 2026. Since its launch, the Home Office has issued 24.8 million ETAs (up to the end of 2025), making it one of the largest digital border systems in the world.
The UK ETA is part of the UK government’s broader move to a modernised digital immigration system — similar in concept to the US ESTA (Electronic System for Travel Authorization) and the Australian ETA. The goal is to increase border security by collecting biographic, biometric and criminality data from travellers before they arrive.
Key facts about the UK ETA:
- It is a digital permission — no stamp, no sticker in your passport
- It does not guarantee entry to the UK — Border Force makes the final decision on arrival
- It is linked to your specific passport — you must travel with the same passport you used to apply
- It is required for every traveller, including babies and children
Who Needs a UK ETA? (Eligible Nationalities)
Most visitors travelling to the UK need either a UK ETA or a UK visa, depending on their nationality and the purpose of their visit. The UK ETA applies to nationals of countries that do not normally require a visa for short stays.
You generally need a UK ETA (rather than a visa) if you are a national of:
| Region / Country | UK ETA Required? |
|---|---|
| EU member states (all 27) | Yes |
| United States | Yes |
| Australia | Yes |
| Canada | Yes |
| New Zealand | Yes |
| Japan | Yes |
| South Korea | Yes |
| Singapore | Yes |
| Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states | Yes (most) |
| UK nationals (British passport) | No |
| Irish nationals | No |
To check your specific nationality, use the official “Check if you need a UK visa” tool on GOV.UK.
Who Is Exempt from the UK ETA?
Not everyone needs a UK ETA. You do not need one if you:
- Hold a British passport (including dual British citizens travelling on their British passport)
- Hold an Irish passport
- Already have permission to live, work or study in the UK (e.g. a UK visa, eVisa, or Indefinite Leave to Remain)
- Are a legal resident of Ireland from a non-visa-required nationality, travelling within the Common Travel Area (CTA) — provided you can show proof of legal residency in Ireland
Note on the Common Travel Area: The UK does not operate routine immigration controls on journeys from within the CTA (UK, Ireland, Isle of Man, Channel Islands). However, everyone entering the UK — including via Northern Ireland — must still comply with UK immigration rules, which includes holding a valid UK ETA if required.
How Much Does the UK ETA Cost?
The UK ETA costs £20 from 8 April 2026, up from the previous fee of £16.
| Period | UK ETA Fee |
|---|---|
| Until 7 April 2026 | £16 per person |
| From 8 April 2026 | £20 per person |
The fee applies to every traveller individually, including children and infants. There is no family or group discount.
If you believe you have been charged by a fraudulent website, report it on GOV.UK.
How to Apply for the UK ETA: Step-by-Step
Apply for the UK ETA through the official UK ETA app, available free of charge on the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store. The application process is straightforward and takes most people under 10 minutes.
- Download the UK ETA app — search for “UK ETA” on Google Play or the Apple App Store. Make sure it is the official Home Office app.
- Create an account or log in — you will need a valid email address.
- Enter your passport details — scan your passport using your phone’s camera or enter details manually.
- Upload a valid photo — your photo must comply with the UK government’s digital photo rules (similar to a passport photo: plain background, face clearly visible, no glasses).
- Answer suitability and criminality questions — these are standard questions about your background, criminal history and travel intentions.
- Pay the fee — £20 per person, payable by card.
- Receive your decision — most applicants get an automatic approval within minutes. A small number of cases require further review.
Your UK ETA is linked digitally to your passport. You do not receive a physical document — carriers verify your ETA status automatically when you check in.
What You Need to Apply
- A valid passport (the same passport you will travel with)
- A digital photo that meets GOV.UK photo requirements
- Your contact details (email address, phone number)
- A payment method (credit or debit card)
- Answers to suitability and criminality questions (standard background questions)
Important: You must travel to the UK using the exact same passport you used when applying for your UK ETA. If you renew your passport, you will need to apply for a new ETA.
How Long Does It Take?
- Most applicants: Automatic decision within minutes
- Some cases: May require further review (no fixed timeframe)
- Recommended lead time: Apply at least 3 working days before your travel date to allow for any additional checks
If your UK ETA application requires further review, you will be notified by email. You can check the status of your UK ETA at any time using the “Check My ETA” service on GOV.UK.
UK ETA Validity: How Long Is It Valid?
A UK ETA is valid for 2 years from the date of approval, or until your passport expires — whichever comes first.
| Validity Factor | Detail |
|---|---|
| Standard validity | 2 years from approval date |
| Passport expiry | ETA expires when passport expires (if sooner than 2 years) |
| Number of trips | Unlimited — multiple journeys permitted |
| Maximum stay per visit | Up to 6 months |
What this means in practice:
- If your passport expires in 18 months, your UK ETA will also expire in 18 months
- If you renew your passport, your existing UK ETA becomes invalid — you must apply for a new one
- There is no formal “renewal” process — you simply apply for a new UK ETA when your current one expires or when you get a new passport
You can check whether your UK ETA is still valid using the “Check My ETA” service on GOV.UK. This service shows you whether you have a valid ETA and when it expires.
What Can (and Cannot) You Do with a UK ETA?
A UK ETA permits multiple visits to the UK for up to 6 months per stay, but it does not guarantee entry and does not allow you to work or study long-term.
What you CAN do with a UK ETA:
- Tourism and sightseeing
- Visiting family or friends
- Short business trips (meetings, conferences, negotiations)
- Transit through the UK (subject to transit rules)
- Attending events, sports, cultural activities
- Short-term study (up to 6 months, non-funded courses)
What you CANNOT do with a UK ETA:
- Work in the UK (paid or unpaid employment)
- Long-term study (funded courses or programmes over 6 months)
- Settle or live permanently in the UK
- Access public funds
Critical: A UK ETA does not guarantee entry to the United Kingdom. Border Force officers at the UK border make the final decision on whether to allow you to enter. Even with a valid UK ETA, you may be refused entry if Border Force has concerns about your intentions or eligibility.
UK ETA vs UK Visa — Key Differences
Many travellers are unsure whether they need a UK ETA or a UK Standard Visitor Visa. Here is a clear comparison:
| Feature | UK ETA | UK Standard Visitor Visa |
|---|---|---|
| Who it’s for | Nationals of ETA-eligible countries | Nationals of visa-required countries |
| Cost | £20 (from April 2026) | £135 (6 months, since 8 April 2026) |
| Application method | UK ETA app (online, minutes) | Online + biometrics appointment |
| Processing time | Minutes (automatic) | Up to 3 weeks |
| Validity | 2 years, multiple entries | Up to 6 months (single or multiple) |
| Max stay per visit | 6 months | 6 months |
| Work allowed | No | No (visitor visa) |
| Study allowed | Short-term only | Short-term only |
| Entry guarantee | No | No |
If you are from a country that requires a UK visa (not an ETA), you cannot use the UK ETA system. Check your eligibility on GOV.UK.
UK ETA for Families and Children
Every traveller entering the UK needs their own UK ETA — including babies, toddlers and children of any age. There is no family or group ETA.
Key rules for families:
- Each family member needs a separate UK ETA application
- The fee is £20 per person (from April 2026), including children
- A parent or guardian can apply on behalf of a child — you do not need the child to be present
- The child must travel with the same passport used in their ETA application
- Babies and infants need their own passport and their own UK ETA
How to apply for a child’s UK ETA:
- Open the UK ETA app
- Select “Apply for someone else”
- Enter the child’s passport details
- Upload a valid photo of the child
- Answer the suitability questions on behalf of the child
- Pay the fee
Tip: Apply for all family members at the same time to ensure everyone is ready before travel. Each application is independent — one family member’s approval does not affect others.
UK ETA Transit Rules (Heathrow, Manchester and Other Airports)
Whether you need a UK ETA for transit depends on which UK airport you are transiting through and whether you pass through UK passport control.
| Transit Scenario | UK ETA Required? |
|---|---|
| Heathrow — airside transit (no passport control) | No |
| Manchester — airside transit (no passport control) | No |
| Any UK airport — landside transit (through passport control) | Yes |
| Connecting flights through UK (going through passport control) | Yes |
| Eurostar / rail transit through UK | Yes (if through passport control) |
Airside transit means you stay in the international departure area and do not pass through UK immigration. In this case, you do not currently need a UK ETA at Heathrow or Manchester.
Landside transit means you pass through UK passport control — for example, to collect baggage and re-check it, or to exit the airport. In this case, you need a valid UK ETA.
Important: Transit rules can change. Always check the latest guidance on GOV.UK before travelling, especially if your itinerary involves a UK connection.
What Happens If Your UK ETA Is Refused?
If your UK ETA application is refused, you cannot appeal the decision. This is different from a UK visa refusal, where limited appeal rights may exist.
| Outcome | Meaning | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Rejected | Application incomplete or invalid | Fix the issue and reapply |
| Refused | Application reviewed and denied | Cannot appeal; apply for a UK visa |
If your UK ETA is refused:
- You will be told the reason for the refusal
- You cannot appeal the decision
- If you still wish to travel to the UK, you must apply for a standard UK visa
- A UK visa application involves a more detailed assessment of your circumstances
Common reasons for UK ETA refusal:
- Providing false or inaccurate information in the application
- Criminal history that raises concerns under UK immigration rules
- Previous immigration violations in the UK or other countries
- Security concerns flagged during background checks
Tips to avoid UK ETA refusal:
- Answer all questions accurately and honestly
- Ensure your photo meets GOV.UK requirements
- Use the correct passport (the one you will travel with)
- Apply through the official UK ETA app only — not third-party sites
- Apply at least 3 working days before travel
UK ETA for Dual British Citizens
Dual British citizens — people who hold both a British passport and the passport of another country — have specific rules when travelling to the UK.
The key rule: Dual British citizens must travel to the UK using a valid British passport or a Certificate of Entitlement.
This means:
- You cannot use your non-British passport to enter the UK (even if that nationality would normally qualify for a UK ETA)
- You do not need a UK ETA if you travel on your British passport
- If you do not have a valid British passport, you need a Certificate of Entitlement
Certificate of Entitlement:
- Issued in digital format — applied for once, does not expire with your passport
- Proves your right of abode in the UK
- Available to British nationals who cannot obtain a British passport
Emergency travel: If you urgently need to enter the UK and do not have a valid British passport, you can apply for an emergency travel document.
Recommendation: The UK government strongly advises all dual British citizens to obtain a valid British passport to ensure the smoothest travel experience. Carriers (airlines, rail, maritime) are required to verify travel permission via automated digital checks with the Home Office.
FAQ — UK ETA Frequently Asked Questions
Do EU citizens need a UK ETA?
Yes. Since 25 February 2026, all EU nationals travelling to the UK need a valid UK ETA — unless they already have UK immigration status or hold a British or Irish passport.
Do I need a UK ETA to visit the UK?
It depends on your nationality. Most visitors from Europe, the USA, Australia and Canada need a UK ETA. Nationals of countries that require a full UK visa do not use the ETA system. Check your eligibility on GOV.UK.
How much does the UK ETA cost in 2026?
The UK ETA costs £20 per person (since 8 April 2026; it cost £16 before). The fee is per person, including children.
How long does it take to get a UK ETA?
Most applicants receive an automatic decision within minutes. Some cases require further review. The UK government recommends applying at least 3 working days before travel.
How long is the UK ETA valid?
A UK ETA is valid for 2 years from the date of approval, or until your passport expires — whichever comes first. It permits multiple trips to the UK.
How long can I stay in the UK with an ETA?
Each visit can last up to 6 months. You can make multiple visits within the 2-year validity period.
Can I work in the UK with an ETA?
No. A UK ETA does not permit you to work in the UK. If you want to work in the UK, you need a work visa.
Does a UK ETA guarantee entry to the UK?
No. A UK ETA authorises you to travel to the UK, but Border Force makes the final decision on entry at the UK border.
Do children need a UK ETA?
Yes. Every traveller — including babies and children — needs their own UK ETA. A parent or guardian can apply on behalf of a child.
Can I apply for a UK ETA for someone else?
Yes. You can apply for a UK ETA on behalf of another person, including children, elderly relatives or other family members.
What happens if my UK ETA is refused?
If your UK ETA is refused, you cannot appeal. You must apply for a standard UK visa if you still wish to travel to the UK.
Do I need a UK ETA to transit through the UK?
It depends. If you are transiting through Heathrow or Manchester without going through UK passport control (airside transit), you do not currently need a UK ETA. If you pass through UK passport control at any airport, you do need one.
Do British citizens need a UK ETA?
No. British citizens do not need a UK ETA. They must travel on their British passport.
Do dual British citizens need a UK ETA?
No — but they must travel on their British passport or hold a Certificate of Entitlement. They cannot use their non-British passport to enter the UK.
What is the difference between a UK ETA and a UK visa?
A UK ETA is for nationals of ETA-eligible countries making short visits (up to 6 months). It costs £20 and is approved in minutes. A UK visa is for nationals of visa-required countries or for longer stays, work or study. It costs from £135 and takes up to 3 weeks to process.
Can I check if I already have a UK ETA?
Yes. Use the “Check My ETA” service on GOV.UK to verify whether you have a valid UK ETA and when it expires.
What is the official website to apply for a UK ETA?
The official application is through the UK ETA app (Google Play / Apple App Store) or gov.uk/eta. Do not use third-party websites.
What do I need to apply for a UK ETA?
You need: a valid passport, a digital photo meeting GOV.UK requirements, your contact details, a payment method, and answers to suitability and criminality questions.
Can I use an expired passport to apply for a UK ETA?
No. You must use a valid passport to apply. You must also travel with the same passport used in your application.
What happens if I renew my passport after getting a UK ETA?
Your UK ETA becomes invalid when you get a new passport. You must apply for a new UK ETA using your new passport details.
Sources: GOV.UK (gov.uk/eta), Home Office Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) factsheet — March 2026 (homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk). Information checked in October 2026.